american memory great depression
Take, for example, the Owens-Teague House on the corner of Perry and High. A great Greek Revival house of 1848, it was enlarged by the Teague family and embellished with additional metal cornice and doorcase work near the turn of the 20th century. The gray color it was painted a few years ago is the color the Teagues painted the house when they finished their work. The front is high-style, with unusual hand-carved wooden Ionic column capitols from the early period. Certainly it is close to everyone’s ideal Southern mansion. A quick trip around back shows that instead of a landscaped yard with entertaining space as we would have today, the whole back yard is a kitchen garden! Beans seem to be full up, with corn just rising and a hope for both peaches and figs later in the summer. Inside, the house seems rather empty, with original heavy parlor mirrors over the rather plain Greek-Revival mantels mixing with then-current fashion of slip-covered chairs and a ginger-jar lamp.
Roam through the HABS collection and take a at look the entry for the Stone-Young-Baggett House, which is out on the Old Selma Road. Compare it with the Owens-Teague House. It is easy to see that the two houses were likely the work of the same hand, with the body of the house similarly scaled and selection of exterior details from the Greek Revival vocabulary. The interior woodwork of the two houses is identical.
Dr. Burkhart must have had a special appreciation for Greek Revival as shown in the examples he chose to document. The corner of Wilkerson and Montgomery Street once had the 1850 Oliver-Houseman Residence, an example of the Bracketed Greek Revival. With the Italianate style providing the inspiration for cornice brackets, the rest of the house is pure Greek Revival. It has fluted Doric columns (note that true Doric columns have no base) and the door and window facings show a longer piece across the top often referred to as “ears.” Looking at the photographs, we see that the backyard is stuffed with outbuildings, with the kitchen and slave house on the right, and a wooden building described as a doctor’s office on the left, all backed onto a retaining wall from an adjoining house. The interior shows a beautiful mantle, probably cast iron, that must have been ordered at great expense, showing a real level of sophistication for Montgomery in the middle of the 19th century. Smoke rising from the chimney indicates the house is occupied, but the photos show a house fallen on hard times. The back porch is collapsing and the paint is in bad shape everywhere you look. It’s not hard to imagine that the Great Depression has taken a toll both on the house and the people who lived there.
We are indeed fortunate that Dr. Burkhart was on the job. As head of the architecture program at Auburn, he went on to build a great foundation for the school. He, his students and architects like Nicholas Holmes, Sr. of Mobile recorded many more buildings than were documented in most states, leaving us with a rich legacy of how we lived and what we built. The collection continues to grow, with teams from HABS as well as local architects and photographers contributing to the collection. Recent additions include the old brick ovens from Jenkins Brick (the latest technology when they were built here) and the Seibels-Ball-Lanier house on Adams Avenue, demolished about 1990.
Visiting American Memory is easy with this link: http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/collections/habs_haer/index.html
Look on left-hand side of the opening page and you’ll see options of searching by subject or place, choose place and Alabama comes up first. Montgomery, with 30 structures recorded, is on the second of two pages. All the illustrations in this article come from the Library of Congress, Prints and Photographs Division.
Elizabeth Ann Brown has lived in and loved Montgomery’s Garden District for more than twenty years. She holds a Bachelor of Architecture and a masters degree in Community Planning from Auburn University. Her hobbies include pursuit of the ultimate chicken salad sandwich, bicycling, and working on her old house, a 1913 bungalow.
THE PRESIDENT: Hello, everybody! (Applause.) Hello, Detroit! (Applause.) Thank you. Thank you.
Listen, before I just make a few short remarks, I just want to acknowledge some people who are here who have been critical in helping make sure that we are putting the U.S. auto industry back on track. First of all, my Secretary of Transportation Ray Lahood, from Peoria, Illinois, is here. (Applause.) The mayor of Hamtramck, Karen Majewski, is here. Give her a big round of applause. (Applause.)
Detroit Mayor and Hall of Famer Dave Bing is in the house. (Applause.) Two senators who have been fighting for you each and every day, Carl Levin*** and Debbie Stabenow, are here. (Applause.) Wonderful Congresswoman Carolyn Cheeks Kilpatrick is here. (Applause.) UAW President Bob King is in the house. (Applause.) General Motors CEO Ed Whitacre is here. (Applause.) And I want to thank Teri Quigley and Frank Moultrie for the great tour that they gave me. (Applause.)
Now, I have to tell you some of you saw me drive a Volt about 12 inches. They don't let me drive much these days. But the Cadillac that I drive in is made right here. (Applause.) I got to admit the Secret Service soups it up a little bit. But it’s a nice ride. It’s very smooth.
You know, it is great to be back here and to see this outstanding plant and to see all of you. And I want to take you down Memory Lane just a little bit to a year ago. At that point, we were coming out of the worst recession that we had seen since the Great Depression. The economy was shrinking. We had lost 8 million jobs. The day I was sworn in, we lost -- that month, we lost 750,000 jobs -- that month that I was sworn in. That's true.
The auto industry had lost hundreds of thousands of jobs. Sales had gone down by 40 percent. And two of the Big Three, GM and Chrysler, were on the brink of a liquidation bankruptcy, which means they would have been wiped out. And if GM and Chrysler were wiped out, then suppliers would be wiped out and dealerships would have been wiped out, and communities would have been even more devastated.
It’s estimated that we would have lost another million jobs if we had not stepped in. (Applause.) Now, we basically had three options when I was confronting what was happening in the U.S. auto industry. Option number one was to keep on doing what the previous administration had been doing, which is basically give about a billion dollars a month to the auto industry, but not really ask for any kind of change that would get it on the right track.
Option two was to do nothing and, as I said, we would have lost another million jobs. But more importantly, we would have lost what has been the heart and soul of American manufacturing, what has built a middle class not just here in Detroit, but all throughout the Midwest, what has made us proud and has been a symbol of our economic power. (Applause.)
So I didn’t like either of those two options, and I went for a third option. The third option was we are going to give you the help you need, but we are also going to insist that management, workers, creditors, suppliers, dealers, shareholders, everybody get together and come up with a plan so that we can start building for the future. So we’re not looking backwards, but we’re moving forward. (Applause.)
Now, that was a tough decision and let’s face it, a lot of people were skeptical. I don’t know if you all remember, but I remember how last year there were a whole bunch of folks who said, well, that makes no sense. There’s the “just say no” crowd in Washington -- they’re still saying no -- who basically said, well, this is a terrible investment. We should just let the market take its course, let GM, let Chrysler go bankrupt. So there was a lot of skepticism out there.
But we made the decision to step in. And the reason I did that was because I had confidence in you. I had faith in you. (Applause.) Because I believe that the American worker is the best worker on Earth. We’ve got the best engineers. We’ve got the best technologies. And if we could just mobilize our strengths and our talents and feel confident about the future, nothing can stop us.
And now here we are a year later. And a year later, GM and Chrysler, along with Ford, are all posting a profit. (Applause.) The U.S. auto industry has hired 55,000 workers, the most job growth in a decade. (Applause.) And not only that, but you’re producing the cars of the future right here at this plant, producing cars that are going to reduce our dependence on foreign oil. This car right here doesn’t need a sip of gasoline for 40 miles and then keeps on going after that. (Applause.)
And along with creating these new products, we’ve also started to say, well, why don’t we make the advanced batteries that go into the Volt right here in the United States of America? (Applause.) So we were making 2 percent of the advanced batteries right here in the United States. By 2015, in five years, we will have 40 percent of the market in advanced batteries right here in the United States of America being made by American workers. (Applause.)
Now, let’s be clear, we’re not out of the woods yet. The economy is now growing -- it was shrinking at 6 percent. Now, it’s growing at 2.4 percent. We’ve added private sector jobs for six months in a row, but there’s still too many folks unemployed. There are a lot of folks in the auto industry who haven’t been hired back. We’re still going to have to do a lot of work to put folks back to work.
But we are moving in the right direction. The trend lines are good. And as people get more confident, people are going to start saying, it’s finally time for me to buy a new car. And they're not just going to look at some foreign-made car, they're going to say, you know what, GM is making the car of the future. And I’m going to take a look at what GM is making. (Applause.)
So we’ve got a lot of work to do. We’ve got some challenges out here. We’re going to have to keep on being lean and mean. We’re going to have to keep on marketing our products more effectively. We’re going to have to make sure the government, business -- everybody is working in the same direction. We’ve got to export more. We can’t just buy from other countries, we got to sell to other countries. (Applause.)
And that means we’ve got to make sure that our trade deals are fair. (Applause.) But let me tell you when I look out at this plant, and I look out at all of you, it gives me hope. It confirms my conviction: don't bet against the American worker! (Applause.) Don't bet against the American people!
We are back on our feet. We are on the move. GM is on the move. The U.S. auto industry is on the move. And America is on the move, and I’m not going to rest until every single American worker who wants to get back to work is going to be back to work. You're helping lead the way and I’m grateful to you! (Applause.)
God bless you! And God bless the United States of America. Thank you, everybody. (Applause.)
